ArticlePolymers2025
From Waste to Function: Compatibilized r-PET/r-HDPE Blends for Pellet Extrusion 3D Printing.
Article in Polymers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Development and Characterization of High-Density Polyethylene/Polylactic Acid/Titanium Dioxide Composites for Pellet-Based 3D Printing.Polymers · 2026Article
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Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The increasing accumulation of plastic waste-especially from packaging and post-consumer sources-calls for the development of sustainable recycling strategies. Due to the challenges associated with sorting mixed waste, directly processing waste streams offers a practical approach. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) are common consumer plastics, but they are difficult to recycle together due to immiscibility and degradation. In mixed waste, recycled HDPE (r-HDPE) often contaminates the recycled PET (r-PET) stream. Additive manufacturing (AM) offers a promising solution to upcycle these mixed polymers into functional products with minimal waste. This study investigates the processing and characterization of r-PET/r-HDPE blends for AM, focusing on the role of compatibilizers in enhancing their properties. Blends were melt-compounded using a twin-screw extruder to improve dispersion, followed by direct pellet-based 3D printing. A compatibilizer (0-7 php) was incorporated to improve miscibility. Rheological testing showed that the 5 php compatibilizer optimized viscosity and elasticity, ensuring smoother extrusion. Thermal analysis revealed a 30 °C increase in crystallization temperature and a shift in decomposition temperature from 370 °C to 400 °C, indicating improved thermal stability. Mechanical testing showed a tensile strength of 35 MPa and 17% elongation at break at optimal loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed reduced phase separation and improved morphology. This work demonstrates that properly compatibilized r-PET/r-HDPE blends enable sustainable 3D printing without requiring polymer separation. The results highlight a viable path for the conversion of plastic waste into high-value, customizable components, contributing to landfill reduction and advancing circular economy practices in polymer manufacturing.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.