ArticleVaccines2025
Development of an Influenza/COVID-19 Combination mRNA Vaccine Containing a Novel Multivalent Antigen Design That Enhances Immunogenicity of Influenza Virus B Hemagglutinins.
Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Review
- Review
- A novel multi-epitope mRNA vaccine against colorectal cancer: in silico design and immune efficacy profiling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Dual-faced circRNAs: orchestrating immunosuppression and activation in the lung cancer microenvironment.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesDeveloping next-generation mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccines remains challenging, primarily because of the relatively low immunogenicity of influenza B hemagglutinin (HA) antigens. We describe a systematic vaccine development strategy that combined vector and antigen design optimization.
methodsNovel untranslated region (UTR) sequences and a hybrid poly(A) tail were used to increase plasmid stability and mRNA expression. Fusion proteins containing HA antigens linked by T4 foldon domains were engineered to enhance the immune responses against influenza B HA antigens and to permit the expression of multiple HA ectodomains from a single mRNA species. The vaccine performance was verified in a traditional encapsulated lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation that requires long-term storage at temperatures below -15 °C as well as in a proprietary thermo-stable LNP formulation developed for the long-term storage of the mRNA vaccine at 2-8 °C.
resultsIn preclinical studies, our next-generation seasonal influenza vaccine tested alone or as a combination influenza/COVID-19 mRNA vaccine elicited hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers significantly higher than Fluzone HD, a commercial inactivated influenza vaccine, across all 2024/2025 seasonal influenza strains, including the B/Victoria lineage strain. At the same time, the combination mRNA vaccine demonstrated superior neutralizing antibody titers to 2023/2024 Spikevax, a commercial COVID-19 comparator mRNA vaccine.
conclusionsOur data demonstrate that the multimerization of antigens expressed as complex fusion proteins is a powerful antigen design approach that may be broadly applied toward mRNA vaccine development.
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Registered trials
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