Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40573883›Full record

ArticleVaccines2025

Engineered Outer Membrane Vesicles for Antigen Delivery: Exploratory Study on Adjuvant Activity and Systemic Reactogenicity.

Lu Lu, Lina Zhai, Qikun Ou, Shuli Sang, Chen Cao, Yiyan Guan, Yunyun Mao, Yanfang Zhai, Kai Li, Rui Yu and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Vaccines, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Outer Membrane Vesicles AttenuateMicroorganisms · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lu LuLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Lina ZhaiBeijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
Qikun OuDepartment of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning 530021, China.
Shuli SangLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Chen CaoLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Yiyan GuanLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Yunyun MaoLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Yanfang ZhaiLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Kai LiLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.
Rui YuLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.ORCID 0000-0002-6431-9737
Yanchun WangLaboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.ORCID 0000-0002-0203-7312

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundOuter Membrane Vesicles (OMVs), nanosized particles derived from Gram-negative bacteria, are promising vaccine carriers due to innate immunogenicity and self-adjuvant properties. Yet the systematic evaluations of OMV-associated toxicity remain limited.

methodsWe developed a CRISPR/Cas9-engineered

resultsMut4_OMVs showed a 9-fold protein yield increase over wild-type OMVs. While all mice injected with wild-type OMVs died, 100% survival was observed in those receiving Mut4_OMVs. However, dose-dependent pathological alterations became evident in specific organs as the administration dose escalated, such as induced splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis and renal edema. Despite residual toxicity, 2-3 doses of 10 μg Mut4_OMVs elicited antigen-specific antibody titers comparable to aluminum adjuvant controls and superior T-cell immune responses.

conclusionWhile Mut4_OMVs retain potent adjuvant activity, their residual toxicity necessitates further biocompatibility optimization for safe vaccine applications.

Indexed as

adjuvantbiocompatibilityouter membrane vesiclesSalmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium

Identifiers

PMID40573883
PMCPMC12197509

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.