Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40573469›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Novel Audio-Perception-Based Algorithm for Physiological Monitoring.

Zixuan Zhang, Wenxuan Jin, Dejiao Huang, Zhongwei Sun

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Zixuan ZhangCollege of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.ORCID 0009-0003-0738-035X
Wenxuan JinCollege of Computer Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China.ORCID 0009-0002-8218-5346
Dejiao HuangCollege of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.ORCID 0009-0004-4029-2068
Zhongwei SunCollege of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8615-7460

Funding

Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation ZR2020QF028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exercise metrics are critical for assessing health, but real-time heart rate and respiration measurements remain challenging. We propose a physiological monitoring system that uses an in-ear microphone to extract heart rate and respiration from faint ear canal signals. An improved non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm combines with a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) to separate physiological components, while an inverse Fourier transform (IFT) reconstructs the signal. The earplug effect enhances the low-frequency components, thereby improving the signal quality and noise immunity. Heart rate is derived from short-term energy and zero-crossing rate, while a BiLSTM-based model can refine the breathing phases and calculate indicators such as respiratory rate. Experiments have shown that the average accuracy can reach 91% under various conditions, exceeding 90% in different environments and under different weights, thus ensuring the system's robustness.

Indexed as

AlgorithmsAuditory PerceptionFourier AnalysisHeart RateHumansMonitoring, PhysiologicRespirationRespiratory RateSignal Processing, Computer-Assistedaudio perceptionBiLSTMNMFrespiratory monitoring

Identifiers

PMID40573469
PMCPMC12197059

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.