ArticleViruses2025
Surveillance and Coinfection Dynamics of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and Avian Influenza H9N2 in Moroccan Broiler Farms (2021-2023): Phylogenetic Insights and Impact on Poultry Health.
Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Quadruplex real-time RT-qPCR for simultaneous detection and subtyping of avian influenza viruses and avian coronaviruses.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Pathogen identification and analysis of broiler bronchial obstruction syndrome using high-throughput sequencing technology.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Avian influenza overview March-May 2026.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2026Article
- Case Report: Detection and characterization of avian influenza virus H9N2 in a broiler farm in Mozambique, 2025.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 are commonly identified in poultry, individually or in association with other pathogens. This study monitored 183 broiler farms affected by respiratory diseases across seven regions of Morocco from January 2021 to December 2023. Among these farms, 87.98% were vaccinated against IBV, while 57.92% were against AI H9N2. Abnormally high mortality rates were observed in 44.26% of the farms, with 24.69% of cases attributed to IBV, 50.62% to LPAI H9N2, and 13.58% due to coinfection with both IBV and H9N2. RT-PCR analysis of tissue samples and cloacal and tracheal swabs collected from 183 broiler farms revealed that 33.33% were positive for IBV and 34.97% for H9N2. Coinfection by IBV and H9N2 was detected in 12.57% of cases, peaking at 17% in 2022. Co-infected flocks exhibited severe clinical signs and lesions, such as reduced food consumption, diarrhea, and renal issues. The predominant lesions were in the respiratory tract, affecting 91.26% of infected broilers. Additionally, among the 183 flocks, 50 farms that tested positive for IBV infection were randomly selected from the seven regions of Morocco for further investigation of other respiratory pathogens, including
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