ArticleViruses2025
The Spread of Endogenous Retroviruses in Populations Infected by Exogenous Viruses.
Article in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Retroviruses insert DNA copies of themselves into the chromosomes of their hosts forming proviruses that can synthesize new transmissible viruses. Exogenous retroviruses (XRVs) insert into the DNA of somatic cells and are transmitted infectiously. Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) become inserted in the DNA of germline cells and are transmitted genetically. ERVs can spread through the genome by transposition. ERVs originate from an initial copy of an XRV inserted into the genome of an organism infected by the XRV. Many XRVs are transmitted maternally as well as horizontally; therefore, we consider the effect of maternal transmission on the evolution of virulence of an XRV. Our model shows that the XRV either evolves high virulence with low maternal transmission, or vice versa. We then consider the spread of ERV genes in conjunction with the infectious spread of an XRV. Beginning from a single copy of an ERV, we calculate the probability that it spreads to fixation (i.e., the state where all individuals contain ERV genes). This depends on its virulence and transposition rate. If the XRV is present, the fixation probability also depends on the virulence of the XRV and whether the ERV provides resistance to the XRV. An ERV with only a small deleterious effect on host fitness has a high fixation probability, particularly if it provides resistance to the XRV. We also show that, if an ERV does not spread to fixation, it can still cause elimination of the XRV, with the end result that the population is cleared of both XRV and ERV.
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