ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025
A Review of Optimization of Additively Manufactured 316/316L Stainless Steel Process Parameters, Post-Processing Strategies, and Defect Mitigation.
Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Finite Element Simulation-Informed Machine Learning Framework for Screening Average Thermal Stress Responses in SLM-Fabricated 316L Stainless Steel.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Post-Processing Optimization of MDLP-Fabricated 316L Stainless Steel: Microstructural Evolution and Mechanical Properties.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Comparison of Surface Morphology and Topography of Additively Manufactured SS 316L Steel After AWJM in Dependence on Layer Orientation.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Influence of Substrate Manufacturing Route on HiPIMS TiAlSiN-Coated AISI 316L Stainless Steel Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Effect of Build-Up Strategy and Selective Laser Melting Process Parameters on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 316L Stainless Steel.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Anisotropic Behavior in Microstructures and Properties of Refractory Tungsten Metal Produced by Laser Powder Bed Fusion.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The rapid progress in additive manufacturing (AM) has unlocked significant possibilities for producing 316/316L stainless steel components, particularly in industries requiring high precision, enhanced mechanical properties, and intricate geometries. However, the widespread adoption of AM-specifically Directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM), and electron beam melting (EBM) remains challenged by inherent process-related defects such as residual stresses, porosity, anisotropy, and surface roughness. This review critically examines these AM techniques, focusing on optimizing key manufacturing parameters, mitigating defects, and implementing effective post-processing treatments. This review highlights how process parameters including laser power, energy density, scanning strategy, layer thickness, build orientation, and preheating conditions directly affect microstructural evolution, mechanical properties, and defect formation in AM-fabricated 316/316L stainless steel. Comparative analysis reveals that SLM excels in achieving refined microstructures and high precision, although it is prone to residual stress accumulation and porosity. DED, on the other hand, offers flexibility for large-scale manufacturing but struggles with surface finish and mechanical property consistency. EBM effectively reduces thermal-induced residual stresses due to its sustained high preheating temperatures (typically maintained between 700 °C and 850 °C throughout the build process) and vacuum environment, but it faces limitations related to resolution, cost-effectiveness, and material applicability. Additionally, this review aligns AM techniques with specific defect reduction strategies, emphasizing the importance of post-processing methods such as heat treatment and hot isostatic pressing (HIP). These approaches enhance structural integrity by refining microstructure, reducing residual stresses, and minimizing porosity. By providing a comprehensive framework that connects AM techniques optimization strategies, this review serves as a valuable resource for academic and industry professionals. It underscores the necessity of process standardization and real-time monitoring to improve the reliability and consistency of AM-produced 316/316L stainless steel components. A targeted approach to these challenges will be crucial in advancing AM technologies to meet the stringent performance requirements of various high-value industrial applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.