Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40572847›Full record

ReviewMaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Overview on the Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence and Mechanochromic Materials: Bridging Efficiency and Versatility in LECs and OLEDs.

Raheleh Ghahary, Marzieh Rabiei, Sohrab Nasiri, Juozas Padgurskas, Raimundas Rukuiza

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Materials (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Raheleh GhaharyDepartment of Chemistry, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad 8514143131, Iran.
Marzieh RabieiDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Sohrab NasiriDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania.
Juozas PadgurskasDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania.ORCID 0000-0003-1275-9105
Raimundas RukuizaDepartment of Mechanical, Energy and Biotechnology Engineering, Vytautas Magnus University, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania.ORCID 0000-0002-7023-2558

Funding

Research Council of Lithuania (LMTLT) S-PD-24-82.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recent advancements in thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials and mechanochromic materials have significantly enhanced the efficiency and versatility of light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). TADF materials have enabled efficiency improvements, achieving an internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of nearly 100% by utilizing both singlet and triplet excitons. Meanwhile, mechanochromic materials exhibit reversible optical changes upon mechanical stimuli, making them promising for stress sensing, encryption, and flexible electronics. The synergistic integration of TADF and mechanochromic materials in OLEDs and LECs has led to enhanced efficiency, stability, and multifunctionality in next-generation lighting and display technologies. This narrative review explores recent breakthroughs in devices that incorporate both TADF and mechanochromic materials as emitters. Particular attention is given to the molecular design that enable both TADF and mechanochromic properties, as well as optimal device structures and performance parameters. Moreover, this review discusses the only LEC fabricated so far using a TADF-mechanochromic emitter, highlighting its performance and potential. Finally, the report concludes with an outlook on the future commercial applications of these materials, particularly in wearable electronics and smart display technologies.

Indexed as

light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs)mechanochromicorganic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs)reverse intersystem crossing (RISC)thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)

Identifiers

PMID40572847
PMCPMC12194274

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.