Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40572520›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Bio-Based Flame-Retardant Systems for Polymers Obtained via Michael 1,4-Addition.

Kamila Salasinska, Mateusz Barczewski, Mikelis Kirpluks, Ralfs Pomilovskis, Paweł Sulima, Sławomir Michałowski, Patryk Mietliński, Jerzy Andrzej Przyborowski, Anna Boczkowska

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Kamila SalasinskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2793-8555
Mateusz BarczewskiInstitute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1451-6430
Mikelis KirpluksPolymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-5661-4859
Ralfs PomilovskisPolymer Laboratory, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, 27 Dzerbenes St., LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.ORCID 0000-0002-3660-7045
Paweł SulimaDepartment of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresources Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-8290-8180
Sławomir MichałowskiDepartment of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5876-7701
Patryk MietlińskiInstitute of Mechanical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 61-138 Poznan, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-2300-0834
Jerzy Andrzej PrzyborowskiDepartment of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Bioresources Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5453-9314
Anna BoczkowskaFaculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-3694-1342

Funding

Latvian Council of Science lzp-2020/1-0385Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry 04-24University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn 30.610.007-110
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phosphorus flame retardants react with cellulose hydroxyl groups via esterification, enhancing the effectiveness of char formation, which is beneficial in terms of the search for bio-sourced flame retardants. The current work assessed the flammability of a new polymer synthesized by Michael 1,4-addition (rP) and modified with developed intumescent flame retardant systems (FRs), in which lignocellulose components, such as sunflower husk (SH) and peanut shells (PS), replaced a part of the synthetic ones. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of the rP, with 20 wt.% each from six FRs, were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Moreover, the flammability and evolved gas were studied with pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry (PCFC) and thermogravimetric analysis connected with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy tests (TGA/FT-IR). The effects were compared to those achieved for unmodified rP and a polymer with a commercially available intumescent flame retardant (IFR). The notable improvement, especially in terms of the heat release rate and heat release capacity, indicates that the system with melamine phosphate (MP) and peanut shells (PS) can be used to decrease the flammability of new polymers. An extensive analysis of the composition and geometry of the ground shells and husk particles preceded the research.

Indexed as

chemical compositionflammabilityintumescent flame retardantplant fillersthermal properties

Identifiers

PMID40572520
PMCPMC12196038

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.