ArticleAntiviral research2025
Global update on the susceptibilities of influenza viruses to neuraminidase inhibitors and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor baloxavir, 2020-2023.
Article in Antiviral research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Emerging trends and hotspots in Oseltamivir resistance: insights from a bibliometric investigation.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Antiviral susceptibility of clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses from humans in the United States, October 2024 to February 2025.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Article
- Updated A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus ferret infection model permits refined antiviral assessment using aerosol inhalation challenge.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Detection and characterization of antiviral-resistant viruses during the influenza season of 2024-25.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Antiviral Resistance Associated With Multiple Mutations Occurring in Seasonal Influenza A(H3N2) Virus in a Patient Treated With Oseltamivir.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- A Cluster of Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses in 2024 From Tasmania, Australia, With Reduced Susceptibility to Baloxavir.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- A Novel Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening Model for Inhibitors Targeting Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin-α-2,6-Sialic Acid Interaction.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- A Sequence-Based Update on Amino Acid Substitutions in Influenza Polymerase Acidic Protein in Europe That Alter Baloxavir Susceptibility From 2009 to 2025.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Antiviral Resistance in Influenza: Clinical and Public Health Implications.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Review
- Anti-influenza drugs targeting trimeric RNA polymerase complex: From development to clinics.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Impaired host shutoff is a fitness cost associated with baloxavir marboxil resistance mutations in influenza A virus PA/PA-X nuclease domain.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Baloxavir susceptibility of seasonal influenza viruses during the first seven seasons of clinical use in Japan, 2017/18 to 2023/24.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Viral pathogens in the etiology of acute respiratory infections in Bulgaria during the 2024-2025 season and genetic diversity of circulating influenza viruses.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- From neuraminidase inhibitors to novel mechanisms: expanding therapeutic strategies against influenza.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Influenza virus research in an era of emerging respiratory threats: host-virus interactions, surveillance technologies, antiviral management and resistance, and vaccine preparedness.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Lead optimization of 3-indoleacetonitrile identifies candidate compounds with improved anti-influenza activity and safety profiles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
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25 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antiviral susceptibility of influenza viruses is monitored by the World Health Organization Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System. This study describes a global analysis of the susceptibility of influenza viruses to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, laninamivir) and the cap-dependent endonuclease inhibitor (CENI, baloxavir) for three periods (May to May for 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023). In particular, global influenza activity declined significantly in 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 when compared to the pre-pandemic period of COVID-19. Combined phenotypic and NA sequence-based analysis revealed that the global frequency of seasonal influenza viruses with reduced or highly reduced inhibition (RI/HRI) by NAIs remained low, 0.09% (2/2224), 0.12% (27/23465) and 0.23% (124/53917) for 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, respectively. As in previous years, NA-H275Y in A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was the most frequent substitution causing HRI by oseltamivir and peramivir. Sequence-based analysis of polymerase acidic (PA) protein supplemented with phenotypic testing revealed low global frequencies of seasonal influenza viruses with reduced susceptibility (RS) to baloxavir, 0.07% (1/1376), 0.05% (9/18380) and 0.12% (48/39945) for 2020-2021, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023, respectively; commonly associated substitutions were PA-I38T/M/L. In Japan, the rate was 3.3% (16/488) during 2022-2023, with 11 A(H3N2) viruses having PA-I38T/M substitutions. For zoonotic viruses, 2.7% (3/111) contained substitutions, one each NA-H275Y, NA-S247N and NA-N295S, associated with RI/HRI NAI phenotypes, and none contained PA substitutions associated with RS to baloxavir. In conclusion, the great majority of seasonal and zoonotic influenza viruses remained susceptible to NAIs and CENI baloxavir.
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