Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40569522›Full record

ArticleInternational urology and nephrology2026

Impact of enhanced recovery after cesarean protocol on postoperative urinary retention.

M Kaitlyn Coghlan, Liviu Cojocaru, Suzanne Alton, Autusa Pahlavan, Ariel Trilling, Hyunuk Seung, Bhavani Kodali, Sarah Crimmins, Katherine Goetzinger

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in International urology and nephrology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

M Kaitlyn CoghlanDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. mkcoghlan@uabmc.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6529-3305
Liviu CojocaruDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Suzanne AltonDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Autusa PahlavanDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Ariel TrillingDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Hyunuk SeungDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Bhavani KodaliDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Sarah CrimminsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Katherine GoetzingerDepartment of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivePostoperative urinary retention (POUR) remains a common concern associated with cesarean delivery (CD). Recently, efforts have been made to expedite recovery after CD through Enhanced Recovery After Cesarean (ERAC) pathways. We aimed to evaluate whether the implementation of an ERAC protocol impacts the incidence of POUR after CD.

methodsThis is a secondary analysis of a prospective, longitudinal, quality improvement (QI) study of patients undergoing CD before and after implementation of an ERAC protocol. CD patients requiring general anesthesia, significantly complicated CD, and patients with chronic pain disorders were excluded. The primary outcome was POUR, defined as failure of spontaneous voiding 6 hours (h) after Foley catheter removal. Secondary outcomes were the duration of Foley catheter placement and replacement of Foley catheter.

resultsThree hundred-eight patients were included. The incidence of POUR was similar between groups pre-ERAC (44, 22.6%) vs post-ERAC (36, 31.8%), p = 0.08. Time to Foley removal following CD was significantly decreased in the post-ERAC cohort [10.1 h (7.2, 13.7) vs. 12.5 h (10.9, 17.8)] (p < 0.001). Need for Foley catheter replacement occurred at a similar rate (pre-ERAC: 1.0%; post-ERAC: 0.9%, p = 0.7).

conclusionsThere was no significant difference in POUR after implementing an ERAC protocol, although a trend toward increased incidence was noted. Post-ERAC implementation resulted in a significant decrease in the duration of Foley catheter placement.

Indexed as

Cesarean SectionEnhanced Recovery After SurgeryPostoperative ComplicationsUrinary RetentionAdultClinical ProtocolsFemaleHumansIncidenceLongitudinal StudiesPregnancyProspective StudiesQuality ImprovementUrinary CatheterizationCesarean deliveryEnhanced recoveryERASPostoperative complicationsPostoperative urinary retentionRecovery protocols

Identifiers

PMID40569522
PMCPMC12783143

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.