ArticleNucleic acids research2025
An archaeal chronic virus escapes the immunity of prokaryotic Argonaute.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- When phage restriction is not immunity: Immune gates, replication-niche barriers, and assay-limited phenotypes.Engineering microbiology · 2026Article
- A phage-encoded sponge protein suppresses bacterial TIR-Caspase immune signaling.Nature communications · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteria and archaea use diverse defense systems to defeat their viruses, and in turn, viruses develop anti-defense strategies to overcome the host immunity. Catalytically inactive prokaryotic Argonaute proteins constitute a family of defense systems that kill infected cells to halt viral propagation, whereas how viruses escape the pAgo (prokaryotic Argonaute) immunity remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that an archaeal chronic virus SMV1a can evade the immunity of Saccharolobus islandicus Argonaute (SiAgo) system through early progeny release. Prompt expression of virion proteins post-infection may facilitate the early progeny release. Further, we evolved SMV1a to overcome SiAgo immunity and identified that the insertion of a repeat element drives SMV1a resistance to the SiAgo immunity at the cost of inefficient progeny production in SiAgo-deficient cells. The inserted repeat is rapidly lost when the evolved SMV1a is replicated in SiAgo-deficient cells, and efficient progeny production can be restored. The data suggest that the reversible repeat insertion adapts SMV1a to hosts with different immune backgrounds. Together, our data provide new insights into the anti-defense mechanisms of an archaeal chronic virus.
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