Assessment of S100A8/A9 and resistin as predictive biomarkers for mortality in critically ill patients with sepsis.

Introduction: Sepsis is associated with high mortality. Early intervention is crucial to reducing sepsis-related mortality. This study aims to assess the clinical potential of S100A8/A9 and resistin as novel biomarkers for predicting mortality risk in sepsis patients. Method: Serum samples were collected and analyzed from 141 adult sepsis patients (discovery cohort), 43 non-sepsis intensive care units (ICU) patients, 15 healthy volunteers, and 55 sepsis patients along with 17 non-sepsis ICU patients (validation cohort). The 28-day mortality and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) scores of the participants were compared. Additionally, the predictive ability of S100A8/A9 and resistin for sepsis mortality was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve at ICU admission. Results: The concentrations of S100A8/A9 and resistin in sepsis patients were noticeably increased relative to non-sepsis patients and healthy controls. Serum S100A8/A9 concentrations in surviving sepsis patients were significantly higher than in non-surviving patients. On the day of admission, serum resistin concentrations in Gram-negative (G-) sepsis patients were considerably elevated relative to Gram-positive (G+) infected sepsis patients. Among sepsis patients admitted to the ICU, the AUC for S100A8/A9 in predicting 28-day mortality was 0.617 ( Discussion: Sepsis, the leading cause of death in intensive care unit patients. Identifying reliable biomarkers is essential for improving both the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis. We found that serum S100A8/A9 concentration at ICU admission is a significant predictor of 28-day mortality risk in sepsis patients. Additionally, resistin levels at ICU admission play an important role in predicting 28-day mortality risk in patients with both normal and mixed phenotypes with hyperinflammation. These findings suggest that S100A8/A9 and resistin could serve as effective biomarkers. Moreover, these findings could guide early clinical decisions in the treatment of sepsis patients.