ArticleCurrent developments in nutrition2025
The Effect of Exogenous Ketones on Signs and Symptoms of Schizophrenia Spectrum and Bipolar Disorders: Study Protocol for a Triple-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Crossover Pilot Study.
Article in Current developments in nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06426134 (Pilot Study on Ketosis Impact on Signs and Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pilot Study on Ketosis Impact on Signs and Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Alterations in lipid, redox, and energy metabolism in recent onset psychosis: a metabolomics study in non-smoking individuals and matched controls.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Clinical Insights Into the Mechanistic Crossroads of Lamotrigine and Therapeutic Ketosis in Bipolar Depression.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Inflammation, oxidative stress, and bioenergetic dysfunction are proposed underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) and bipolar disorders (BDs), contributing to the largely untreated cognitive and negative symptoms in these conditions. Ketone bodies may offer a therapeutic option for these symptoms through their positive effects on the aforementioned mechanisms. Exogenous ketones like ketone esters (KEs) provide a means to quickly induce ketosis without dietary restrictions, though their effects on SSD and BD have not yet been investigated. Objectives: This ongoing triple-blind, randomized controlled crossover trial investigates the effects of a single ingestion of KE on signs and symptoms of SSD and BD. Methods: A total of 24 patients (12 SSD and 12 BD) receiving inpatient care at Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC) will be included in the study. Patients will ingest a single dose of KE ((R)-3-hydroxybutyl-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate deltaG Ketones (dGK) and an isocaloric carbohydrate control with a washout period of 3 days between drinks. The primary outcome is the change in prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex induced by dGK ingestion compared with control. Secondary outcomes include resting-state electroencephalography, P3B amplitude, cognitive performance, and metabolic, immune, oxidative stress, and circadian rhythm parameters. Feasibility and potential side effects will also be assessed. Results: N/A (study protocol). Conclusions: Our current study will offer valuable preliminary data on the effects of KE in patients with SSD and BD. It can provide the foundation for future research into the therapeutic potential of KE in alleviating symptoms and improving functional outcomes in these disorders.This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT06426134.
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