ArticleNeuroimage. Reports2023
Overlap in the cortical representation of hand and forearm muscles as assessed by navigated TMS.
Article in Neuroimage. Reports, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Acute effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on maximal voluntary force, repeated maximal isometric contractions and corticospinal excitability in healthy young adults.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Trial
- Increased corticospinal excitability after rest with short term motor performance.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Amplitude-modulated kilohertz stimulation targeting beta-band activity disrupts motor learning.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Quantifying the Toll of Disuse: A Meta-Analysis of Skeletal Muscle Mass and Strength Loss Following Upper Limb Immobilization.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Exploring the cortical involvement in sensorimotor integration during early stages of independent walking.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- Amelioration of Focal Hand Dystonia via Low-Frequency Repetitive Somatosensory Stimulation.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The representation of upper limb muscles in the motor cortex is not clear-cut. The motor cortex contains areas that, when stimulated, may activate different muscles simultaneously, hence they seem to overlap. We expected the cortical representations of synergistic muscle pairs to overlap more than those of non-synergistic muscles. To test this, we used navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to probe eight hand and forearm muscles of twenty healthy participants. We transformed the cortical representations of muscles to a template MRI to allow for group analysis. We found that the amount of overlap in cortical representations differed significantly between within-hand and within-forearm muscle combinations. Most synergistic muscle pairs, both within the hand, within the forearm and between them, had a larger overlap than non-synergistic muscle pairs. Our study demonstrates the largely overlapping nature of cortical representations of upper limb muscles. It is noteworthy that the overlap is elevated in muscles that usually act in a synergistic manner.
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Registered trials
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