ArticleEnvironment & health (Washington, D.C.)2025
Prevalence of Polyhalogenated Carbazole in an Anthropogenically Impacted Soil Groundwater System.
Article in Environment & health (Washington, D.C.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- New Pollutants Study: Challenges and Prospects.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Lithium in Typical Coastal Drinking Water Systems: Occurrence, Drivers, and Exposure Risk.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It has been proven that highly halogenated conditions could favor the generation of PHCZs in laboratory experiments, which has not been confirmed in the environment. In this study, carbazoles (CZs) and eight polyhalogenated carbazoles (PHCZs) were investigated in the groundwater-surface soil system along the coast of Laizhou Bay, around the main halogen producing areas, covering chemical enterprises, agriculture, aquaculture, and salt fields. The concentrations of PHCZs in surface soil and groundwater samples range from 0.15 to 1327.94 ng/g dry weight (dw) (mean: 80.06 ng/g dw) and 0.12-10710.56 ng/L (mean: 365.14 ng/L), respectively, much higher than those detected in other areas in China and abroad. The primary contaminant is 1,3,6,8-tetrabromocarbazole (1,3,6,8-BCZ), with a concentration range of nondetectable (N.D.)-10706.69 ng/L (detection rate, 95.79%) in groundwater and N.D.-818.52 ng/g dw (detection rate, 97.62%) in soil samples. The characteristics of the dominant position of 1,3,6,8-BCZ in the environment are different from those of other results from China, and its groundwater concentration is thousands of times higher than that of other water samples, indicating that highly halogenated environmental conditions also largely promote the generation of highly halogenated PHCZs, e.g., 1,3,6,8-BCZ. This may be the same reason for the identification of some PHCZ derivatives and mixed-substituted carbazoles in the studied area through suspected targeted screening. More than half of the soil and groundwater samples are considered to have moderate or high carcinogenic risk (CR
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.