Monitoring the Effectiveness of a Preschool Hand Hygiene Intervention Using Flow Cytometry to Determine the Reduction in the Microbiological Counts.

Samantha Lange, Tobias George Barnard, Nisha Naicker, Atheesha Singh

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Samantha LangeWater and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-3435-0290

Tobias George BarnardWater and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-6831-1361

Nisha NaickerEnvironmental Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0001-7223-7881

Atheesha SinghWater and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0002-0208-4135

Funding

National Research Foundation (NRF) Thuthuka Grant UID:121962

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hand hygiene (HH)-related illnesses, such as diarrhea, are one of the leading causes of death in children under five, whereas handwashing with soap can reduce infection rates in this age group. This study monitored whether a simple intervention in the form of a handwashing exercise could reduce the pathogens on preschool children's hands, potentially reducing HH-related diseases. Hand bag-wash samples were collected from preschool children (N = 160) participating in an intervention study. The samples were collected pre- and post-intervention from the intervention group (IG) and control group (CG). The samples were analyzed using flow cytometry, where the microbiological counts and turbidity were compared between the left and right hands, genders, and pre- and post-intervention groups. The results indicated no significant difference in the microbiological counts of the left and right hands or between the genders of participants, with a significant reduction in intact live cells on the IG children's hands post-intervention (

Indexed as

HandHand DisinfectionHand HygieneChild, PreschoolColony Count, MicrobialFemaleFlow CytometryHumansMalediarrheaflow cytometryhand hygienehandwashingpreschool childrenturbidity

Identifiers

PMID40566274

DOI10.3390/ijerph22060846

PMCPMC12193686

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.