ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2025
The Role of MRI Lesions in Identifying Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic Review of Monoclonal Antibody Therapies in Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis: Comparator-Stratified Analysis of Relapse and Disability Outcomes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Is MR Imaging of the Cervical Spinal Cord Sufficient for Patients with Suspected Multiple Sclerosis?Clinical neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Challenges and Innovation for Diagnosing and Treatment of Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Clinical Prediction of Functional Decline in Multiple Sclerosis Using Volumetry-Based Synthetic Brain Networks.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Slowly Expanding Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.NeuroSci · 2026Review
- T Helper Cells and Cytokine Networks in the Immunopathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2026Review
- The emerging role of B cells in immune-mediated demyelinating diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis (SPMS) represents a challenging phase of multiple sclerosis, marked by gradual neurological decline and reduced inflammatory activity. In recent years, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become essential for characterizing the neurodegenerative changes underlying SPMS, including white and gray matter damage, brain atrophy, slowly expanding lesions, and iron rim lesions. This narrative review aims to synthesize the current knowledge on established and emerging MRI biomarkers relevant to SPMS, with a particular focus on their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. This review discusses key themes, such as the shift from inflammatory to neurodegenerative mechanisms, the role of advanced imaging techniques, and the limitations of conventional MRI in detecting smoldering disease. In doing so, it identifies current gaps in evidence, including the need for standardized imaging protocols and large-scale longitudinal studies. A clearer understanding and application of MRI biomarkers may facilitate earlier diagnosis, more tailored treatment strategies, and improved outcomes in patients with SPMS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.