Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40565570›Full record

ArticleGenes2025

Evaluating Genetic Diversity and Regional Variation in Tswana Goats of Botswana.

Amantle Bonolo Chalebgwa, Phetogo Ineeleng Monau, Kethusegile Raphaka, Khanyisile Hadebe, Patrick Kgwatalala, Shalaulani James Nsoso

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Genes, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Amantle Bonolo ChalebgwaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone 00267, Botswana.ORCID 0009-0009-5390-6790
Phetogo Ineeleng MonauDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone 00267, Botswana.
Kethusegile RaphakaNational Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Private Bag 00177, Gaborone 00267, Botswana.ORCID 0000-0001-7125-8250
Khanyisile HadebeAgricultural Research Council, Biotechnology Platform, Private Bag X5, Ondersterpoort 0110, South Africa.ORCID 0000-0003-3270-6692
Patrick KgwatalalaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone 00267, Botswana.
Shalaulani James NsosoDepartment of Animal Sciences, Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone 00267, Botswana.

Funding

Botswana University of Agriculture and Natural Resources N/A
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesThe Tswana goat, an indigenous Botswana breed, remains genetically understudied despite its adaptation to local conditions. This study characterized its genetic diversity across regions, using Boer goats as a reference, to assess population structure, heterozygosity, and breeding patterns.

methodsGenomic DNA from Tswana goats (Southern, Central, Northwest, and research ranch populations) and Boer goats was genotyped using the Illumina Goat_IGGC_65K_v2 BeadChip. Data were analyzed in PLINK v1.9 and R v4.3.2 to compute genetic diversity indices.

resultsTswana goats showed higher genetic diversity than Boer goats, with greater minor allele frequency (MAF: 0.313 ± 0.127 vs. 0.287 ± 0.136) and expected and observed heterozygosity (

conclusionTswana goats have high genetic diversity, with regional variation linked to breeding practices. Although regional structure suggests genetic differentiation, no distinct ecotypes were identified. These findings emphasize the need for controlled breeding to preserve genetic diversity for the Tswana goat.

Indexed as

Genetic VariationGoatsAnimalsBotswanaBreedingGene FrequencyGenetics, PopulationGenotypeHeterozygotePolymorphism, Single Nucleotideanimal population geneticsindigenous goatpolymorphisms and genome annotation

Identifiers

PMID40565570
PMCPMC12193357

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.