ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (ccRCC).
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Real-World Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review.Targeted oncology · 2026Pooled it
- ENPP3 drives ccRCC progression by cGAMP hydrolysis and STING-IFN suppression.Cancer biology & therapy · 2026Article
- Downregulation of SELENOS Suppresses the Progression of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Activating Ferroptosis.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Nutraceuticals in Uro-Oncology: A Structured Expert Review and Precision-Oriented Framework.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Design and Synthesis of Bendamustine-Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors with Antiproliferative Effects in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor-Immune Cell-Based Therapies for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Latest Advancements and Directions.Cancers · 2026Review
- Immunotherapy Landscape of Advanced Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Targeting the Cancer-Immunity Cycle and Future Perspectives.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Emerging roles for the epigenetic modifiers PBRM1 SETD2 and BAP1 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma pathogenesis and prognosis beyond VHL.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Multiomics Unravelling the Mechanisms of Intratumoral Microbiota Influencing Tumorigenesis and Progression in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2026Article
- UBE2S emerges as a key driver in an NK cell-based prognostic model for clear cell renal cell carcinoma.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Role of Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) in Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC): Biology, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Opportunities.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures in renal cell carcinoma: from heterogeneity dissection to translational precision immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- LST1: a novel biomarker for efferocytosis in the co-occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and clear cell renal cell carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- HIF-2α inhibitors in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a clinical pharmacy perspective on lipid metabolism, therapeutic management, and resistance strategies.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Integrative multi-omics analysis identifies a PTM-related immune signature and IRF9 as a driver in ccRCC.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Telomere Length and Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Unraveling Causal Mechanisms Through Integrative Genetic and Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for about 403,000 new cases and 175,000 deaths worldwide each year. Clear cell RCC (ccRCC), the most prevalent subtype, is often driven by genetic mutations, such as VHL inactivation, leading to angiogenesis and immune escape. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 have transformed treatment paradigms, yet therapeutic resistance remains a critical challenge. The immunosuppressive nature of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in ccRCC plays a central role in limiting ICI efficacy. Emerging strategies aim to overcome resistance by targeting key components of the TME, including tumor-associated macrophages, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and cytokine signaling. Agents such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab have demonstrated the ability to restore T-cell activity and mitigate immune suppression, offering clinical benefit in metastatic ccRCC. However, response rates vary, highlighting the need for rational combination therapies. ICIs combined with VEGF inhibitors have shown promising outcomes in clinical trials, and novel regimens continue to be explored. Risk stratification and personalized treatment selection are increasingly important as the therapeutic landscape evolves. This review synthesizes current advances in immunotherapy for ccRCC, with a focus on mechanisms of resistance and innovative strategies to enhance immune responsiveness. A deeper understanding of TME modulation and strategic combination approaches is essential to improve survival and quality of life for patients with advanced ccRCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.