ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
Dating the Origin and Spread of Plastids and Chromatophores.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Photosynthetic eukaryotes have shaped the Earth's biosphere by producing oxygen and organic compounds using light energy in specialized organelles called plastids. Plastids evolved from free-living cyanobacteria ingested by heterotrophic unicellular eukaryotes. Two such independent engulfment processes, called cyanobacterial endosymbioses, have been reported. The first gave rise to primary plastids and three Archaeplastida lineages: glaucophytes, red algae, and green algae with land plants, whereas the second resulted in chromatophores in the rhizarian amoeba
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