ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2025
A High-Yield Recombinant Inactivated Whole-Virion Nasal Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Vaccine with an Attenuated PB2 Gene.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Genetic Optimization of Early 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Vaccine Strains for Improved Replication in Embryonated Chicken Eggs.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
During the 2009 H1N1 pandemic (pdm09), the poor replication of PR8-derived vaccine strains in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) delayed vaccine production, necessitating costly adjuvants. To improve egg-based yield, we generated PB2-substituted H1N1 strains via reverse genetics, replacing PR8 PB2 with a PB2 lacking mammalian-adaptive mutations (dtxPB2), cognate pdm09 PB2 (19PB2), or avian PB2. All PB2-substituted strains achieved over tenfold higher titers than the conventional PR8 PB2-containing strain (rGD19), with rGD19/dtxPB2 and rGD19/19PB2 exhibiting significantly higher titers and reduced murine virulence. Among these, rGD19/19PB2 produced the highest hemagglutinin (HA) yield and, when administered intranasally as a binary ethyleneimine (BEI)-inactivated whole-virion vaccine, elicited a significantly stronger broncho-alveolar IgA response than rGD19. Both rGD19 and rGD19/19PB2 provided comparable protection against a homologous H1N1 challenge, yet only rGD19/19PB2 conferred full survival protection after a lethal heterologous H3N2 challenge. These findings show that incorporation of cognate PB2 enhances H1N1 replication in ECEs and antigen yield, reduces murine virulence, and confers robust homo- and heterosubtypic protection via intranasal immunization, underscoring the promise of PB2-modified H1N1 strains as inactivated mucosal whole-virion vaccines for future vaccine development.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.