ArticleBrain sciences2025
The Neurophysiological Paradox of AI-Induced Frustration: A Multimodal Study of Heart Rate Variability, Affective Responses, and Creative Output.
Article in Brain sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
AI code generators are increasingly used in creative contexts, offering operational efficiencies on the one hand and prompting concerns about psychological and neurophysiological strain on the other. This study employed a multimodal approach to examine the affective, autonomic, and creative consequences of AI-assisted coding in early-stage learners. Fifty-eight undergraduate design students with no formal programming experience were randomly assigned to either an AI-assisted group or a control group and engaged in a two-day generative programming task. Emotional states (PANAS), creative self-efficacy (CSES), and subjective workload (NASA-TLX) were assessed, alongside continuous monitoring of heart rate variability (HRV; RMSSD and LF/HF). Compared to the controls, the AI-assisted group exhibited greater increases in negative affect (
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