ArticleCancers2025
Barriers to Post-Mastectomy Breast Reconstruction: A Comprehensive Retrospective Study.
Article in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of Essence Human Acellular Dermal Matrix Compared With Other Products in Prepectoral Direct-to-implant Reconstruction.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
- Decreasing Time to Definitive Breast Reconstruction: National Trends and Patient-Level Predictors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Awareness, Attitudes, and Barriers Toward Breast Symmetry Procedures Among Women After Breast Reconstruction: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluating an educational supportive care program on functional status and quality of life among women with breast cancer post-mastectomy in Egypt.Palliative care and social practice · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesBreast reconstruction following mastectomy improves quality of life and psychosocial outcomes, yet it is not consistently performed despite multiple federal mandates. Current data shows decreased reconstruction in minority races, those with a low socioeconomic status, and those holding public health insurance. Many barriers remain misunderstood or unstudied. This study examines barriers to post-mastectomy breast reconstruction to promote a supportive clinical climate by addressing multifactorial obstacles to equitable access to care. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe California Cancer Registry Data Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and California Health and Human Services Agency Cancer Surgeries Database (2013-2021 and 2000-2021, respectively) were used in this retrospective observational study on mastectomy with immediate breast reconstruction (IBR), delayed breast reconstruction (DBR), or mastectomy only (MO) rates. Data were collected on age, sex, race, insurance type, hospital type, socioeconomic status, and residence. Pearson's chi-square analysis was performed.
resultsWe found that 168,494 mastectomy and reconstruction surgeries were performed (82.36% MO, 7% IBR, 10.6% DBR). The 40-49 age group received significantly less MO (38.1%) compared to the 70-74 age group (94.8%, (
conclusionsReconstruction rates after mastectomy are low, with only 17.64% of patients undergoing reconstruction. Nationally, 70.5% of patients received MO, with 29.6% undergoing reconstruction. Significant factors positively contributing to reconstruction were private insurance, high SES, cancer center care, and urban residency. Identified barriers include public health insurance enrollment, rural or non-urban residence, older age, low SES, and non-white race/ethnicity, indicating potential monetary influences on care.
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