ReviewCancers2025
Perineural Invasion in Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review.
Review in Cancers, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Perineural invasion in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: Meta-analysis of prevalence, association with tumor features, and impact on survival.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2026Pooled it
- Perineural Invasion, Pain and Immunosuppression Across Solid Tumours.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Neural regulation of cancer: from synaptic integration to neuro-immune regulation.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Neuron-tumor crosstalk in cancer: molecular mechanisms and translational advances.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- PFAS is associated with perineural invasion in triple-negative breast cancer with a potential role for Cathepsin D dysregulation: a multi-omics and experimental study.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological Predictors of Pathological Complete Response in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Pertuzumab-Based Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Multicenter Real-World Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Peripheral Nerve-Cancer Interactions in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Three-Dimensional Framework Integrating Mechanisms, Modulators, and Therapeutic Strategies.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Tumor Budding Unveiled: Clinicopathological Correlations and Survival Insights From a Tertiary Care Cancer Center of India.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Article
- Clinicopathological correlations of perineural invasion in resected non-small cell lung cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
- Prognostic value of neuro-related genes in colorectal cancer and their potential implications for immunotherapy.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Independent prognostic ımpact of perineural ınvasion in breast cancer patients with residual disease after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira (1992) · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune interactions in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic prospects.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Perineural invasion and risk of lymph node metastasis in early-stage operable breast cancer: a large-scale propensity-matched cohort study and meta-analysis.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Perineural invasion in solid tumors: biological foundations and the emerging integration of machine learning and artificial intelligence.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Reprogramming neural-tumor crosstalk: emerging therapeutic dimensions and targeting strategies.Military Medical Research · 2025Review
- Circulating tumor cells: indicators of cancer progression, plasticity and utility for therapies.Pathology oncology research : POR · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Perineural invasion (PNI) is a well-recognized histopathologic feature in multiple malignancies; however, its significance in breast cancer remains relatively underexplored. This review provides a synopsis of the current knowledge on PNI in breast cancer, discussing its histopathologic features, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical relevance. PNI is most frequently observed in high-grade invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), particularly in triple-negative and HER2-positive subtypes. It is also seen in special histological subtypes such as mixed, metaplastic, and invasive micropapillary carcinomas. Mechanistically, PNI involves tumor-neural interactions, including neurotrophic factor signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to tumor progression and potential locoregional recurrence (LRR). While PNI is linked to adverse prognosis in other tumors, its independent role remains unclear in breast cancer due to limited large-scale studies. Therefore, further investigation into its prognostic significance and potential therapeutic implications is needed. Future research should focus on refining diagnostic criteria and assessing targeted therapies to mitigate PNI-associated progression. This review summarizes the current knowledge on perineural invasion (PNI) in breast cancer, addressing its histological features, molecular mechanisms, diagnostic challenges, and clinical implications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.