ArticleBiomolecules2025
A Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Specific Imaging of Lymph Node Metastases in Ovarian Cancer via Active Targeting of the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor.
Article in Biomolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- NMR Structural Elucidation of Mitoxantrone-Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Conjugates Implicated in Hormone-Dependent Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lymph node metastases are common in advanced ovarian cancer and are associated with poor prognosis. Accurate intraoperative identification of lymph node metastases remains a challenge in ovarian cancer surgery due to the lack of tumor-specific intraoperative imaging tools. Here, we developed a gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (GnRHR)-targeted near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe, GnRHa-PEG-Rh760, through conjugation of a GnRH analog peptide with the Rh760 fluorophore and polyethylene glycol (PEG). A non-targeted probe (PEG-Rh760) served as control. In mouse models of subcutaneous xenografts, peritoneal and lymph node metastases derived from ovarian cancer cells, GnRHa-PEG-Rh760 showed superior tumor-specific accumulation. NIR fluorescence imaging revealed strong fluorescence signals localized to primary tumors, peritoneal lesions, and metastatic lymph nodes with no off-target signals in normal lymph nodes. The spatial co-localization between the NIR fluorescence of GnRHa-PEG-Rh760 and tumor-derived bioluminescence clearly confirmed the probe's target specificity. GnRHa-PEG-Rh760 mainly accumulated in the tumor and liver and was gradually cleared at 96 h post-injection. The retention of fluorescence signals in normal ovary tissue further validated GnRHR-mediated binding of the probe. Notably, GnRHa-PEG-Rh760 exhibited excellent biocompatibility with no observed systemic toxicity as evidenced by hematologic and histopathologic analyses. These data demonstrate the potential of GnRHa-PEG-Rh760 as an intraoperative imaging agent, providing real-time fluorescence imaging guidance to optimize surgical precision. This study highlights the value of receptor-targeted molecular imaging probes in precision cancer surgery.
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