Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40563237›Full record

ArticleClinical endocrinology2025

Endocrine Implications of Thyroid Incidentalomas Detected During Lymphoma Staging With 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography.

Marcos Tadashi Kakitani Toyoshima, Roberta Morgado Ferreira Zuppani, Isabelle Pinheiro Amaro, Camila Regina Pereira Batista de Macedo, Ricardo Miguel Costa de Freitas, Rodrigo Dolphini Velasques, Juliana Pereira, Rafael Loch Batista, Debora Lúcia Seguro Danilovic, Delmar Muniz Lourenço and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in Clinical endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Marcos Tadashi Kakitani ToyoshimaEndocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octávio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9146-4606
Roberta Morgado Ferreira ZuppaniDepartment of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Isabelle Pinheiro AmaroDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Camila Regina Pereira Batista de MacedoDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ricardo Miguel Costa de FreitasDepartment of Radiology and Oncology, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rodrigo Dolphini VelasquesDivision of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Juliana PereiraDivision of Hematology, Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Rafael Loch BatistaEndocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octávio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Debora Lúcia Seguro DanilovicDepartment of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Delmar Muniz LourençoEndocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octávio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
Ana O HoffEndocrine Oncology Service, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo Octávio Frias de Oliveira, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Funding

This study received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThis study investigated the prevalence, characteristics, and endocrine implications of thyroid incidentalomas detected during lymphoma staging using FDG-PET/CT.

designRetrospective cohort study. PATIENTS: A total of 795 adult patients with lymphoma who underwent FDG-PET/CT for staging at a tertiary oncology centre were included. MEASUREMENTS: Thyroid uptake was classified as focal, diffuse, or absent. Additional data included demographic features, lymphoma subtype, thyroid function, autoantibodies, ultrasound (US), fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and histopathology when available.

resultsThyroid abnormalities were detected in 139 patients (17.5%). Focal FDG uptake was observed in 33 patients (4.2%) and was associated with a malignancy rate of 18.2% (28.6% among those who underwent FNAC). Diffuse uptake was observed in 20 patients (2.5%) and was significantly associated with positive thyroid autoantibodies (58.3%, p < 0.01). Older age and female gender were independent predictors of thyroid uptake. ROC analysis identified optimal age thresholds of 68.6 years for females and 59.8 years for males (AUC = 0.72). SUVmax, Hounsfield units, and ACR TI-RADS classification were not significantly associated with malignancy. All malignant cases occurred in nodules classified as TI-RADS 4 or 5. Volume on CT was inversely associated with malignancy (ρ = -0.50, p = 0.046). No significant impact on overall survival was observed.

conclusionsThyroid incidentalomas are frequent during lymphoma staging by FDG-PET/CT and should be appropriately evaluated. Focal uptake carries a relevant malignancy risk, even in nodules with low SUVmax. Diffuse uptake often reflects autoimmune thyroiditis. A multimodal diagnostic approach is essential to guide management and avoid unnecessary delays in cancer care.

Indexed as

Fluorodeoxyglucose F18LymphomaThyroid NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansIncidental FindingsMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingPositron Emission Tomography Computed TomographyRetrospective StudiesThyroid GlandFluorodeoxyglucose F18FDG‐PETlymphomathyroid autoimmunityThyroid incidentalomasthyroid malignancy

Identifiers

PMID40563237
PMCPMC12413674

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.