Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40563134›Full record

ArticleHealth economics2025

A Simple Measure of Catastrophic Health Expenditures.

Tomson Ogwang, Germano Mwabu

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health economics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Tomson OgwangDepartment of Economics, Brock University, St. Catharines, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-0853-5160
Germano MwabuDepartment of Economics and Development Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya.ORCID 0000-0003-4570-6317

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a simple Watts-type measure of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) which is an adaptation of the classic Watts poverty measure. The appeal of the proposed measure stems from the fact that it is both additively decomposable (i.e., it provides information on the contributions of the various population subgroups of interest, e.g., as categorized by gender, race, region, etc., to the overall level of CHE), and multiplicatively decomposable (i.e., it enables identification of three key drivers of CHE, namely, CHE incidence, CHE intensity and CHE inequality). We also describe how the Watts-type CHE measure can be estimated and additively decomposed using the widely available ordinary least squares regression packages. The empirical example provided shows the policy value of the Watts-type CHE measure, which makes it a useful supplement to the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke type measures of CHE recently proposed by Ogwang and Mwabu. Temporal dynamics in the Watts-type CHE measures are also introduced.

Indexed as

Catastrophic IllnessHealth ExpendituresFemaleHumansLeast-Squares AnalysisMalePovertySocioeconomic Factorsadditive decompositioncatastrophic health expendituremultiplicative decompositiontemporal dynamicsthree i's of catastrophic health expenditureWatts poverty measure

Identifiers

PMID40563134
PMCPMC12412098

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.