ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2025
Arterial Anatomy of the Tear Trough Region in Chinese Cadavers: Implications for Injection Safety.
Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe safety of tear trough injections requires examination of the arterial topography in this region.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to elucidate the distribution of blood vessels in the tear trough region at a specific three-dimensional (3D) location.
methodsComputed tomography scans of 158 adult cadaver hemifaces were obtained and reconstructed, focusing on the origin of angular artery (AA) and the positioning of detoured facial artery (DeFA).
resultsThe AA in the tear trough region has three main sources: 57.6% directly from the ophthalmic artery (OA), 38% from branches of the facial artery (FA), and 4.4% from branches of the infraorbital artery (IOA). Within this region, the detoured AA originating from the OA is observed in 3.8% of cases, located at a mean distance of 3.4 ±2.0 mm from the inferior orbital margin near the inner canthus. The DeFA is present in 38.6% of cases, located at a mean distance of 7.3 ±2.8 mm from the inferior orbital margin near the inner canthus. Additionally, the main arterial supply to the infraorbital area is provided by branches of the IOA (53.8%).
conclusions3D technology enables offer high-resolution guidance for clinical practice in the tear trough area. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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