ArticleScientific reports2025
Exploring the psychological impacts of water-based outdoor physical activities on university students: a qualitative interview study.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The influence of outdoor physical activity on the physical and mental health of college students: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Empirical research has extensively documented the psychotherapeutic value of various natural environments. However, the psychological health implications of water-based outdoor settings (aquatic ecosystems) remain inadequately conceptualized. And current scholarship predominantly documents physiological responses to marine environments, with limited theoretical frameworks explaining the complex psychological effects in water-based outdoor physical activities. 11 university students from the Xiamen University Diving Association participated in semi-structured interviews to share their experiences with water-based outdoor physical activities. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five experts unanimously validated the credibility and validity of the findings. This study extracted 8 themes and 21 sub themes: Fearful anticipation (fear, novelty seeking/desire for exploration); Safe-risking (safety needs, The impulse to take risks); Freedom with constraints (sense of freedom, sense of constraint); Solitude integration (enjoying solitude, team integration); Awe and confrontation with nature (awe for nature, confrontation with nature); Sense of meaning in life (belonging to nature, contemplation of ontological questions about life/world, self-efficacy); Sense of identity (professionalism, certification, risk management skills); Flow experience (temporal transformation, spatial transformation, action-awareness merging, task oriented, sense of control). This study suggests the distinctive psychological impacts of water-based outdoor physical activities on university students, offering insights for psychological interventions in physical education. It extends Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by proposing a nested, context-dependent structure. While the findings provide innovative perspectives on water-based outdoor settings' influence on mental health, further research is necessary to confirm applicability across diverse contexts.
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Registered trials
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