ArticleScientific reports2025
Echocardiography and cardiorespiratory changes post ketofol or atracurium/ketofol on acepromazine-methadone premedicated dogs.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular failure has been recognized as the predominant cause of perioperative mortality in small animals, particularly dogs. This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of adding intravenous atracurium to a ketofol infusion during anesthesia in dogs. Thirty male mongrel dogs were premedicated with an intramuscular injection containing 0.02 mg/kg of acepromazine and 0.2 mg/kg of methadone. Thirty minutes later, the dogs were equally and randomly divided into two groups (n = 15): the Ketofol Group (KFG), in which anesthesia was induced using IV administration of 0.5 ml/kg of ketofol, and the atracurium/ketofol Group (AKFG), in which anesthesia was induced using IV administration of 0.25 mg/kg of atracurium with 0.5 ml/kg of ketofol. Following intubation, anesthesia was maintained by a variable intravenous infusion at 0.2 ml/kg/min in KFG or a combination of 0.01 mg/kg/min atracurium and 0.2 ml/kg/min ketofol in AKFG. Respiratory frequency (fR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO
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