ArticleEmerging infectious diseases2025
Spatiotemporal Distribution and Clinical Characteristics of Zoonotic Tuberculosis, Spain, 2018-2022.
Article in Emerging infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Burden and Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Humans in the Middle East and North Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Epidemiological characteristics and trends of paediatric tuberculosis cases in Spain, 2012-2023.Annals of medicine · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis in Small Ruminants in Portugal: A Retrospective Laboratory-Based Study (2012-2023).Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Zoonotic Tuberculosis as a One Health Challenge: Global Evidence, Transmission Dynamics, and Policy Gaps in Indonesia.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- The European Union One Health 2024 Zoonoses Report.EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Zoonotic tuberculosis (zTB) is a communicable disease that has major effects on both human and animal health. Spain reports the highest number of zTB cases in humans annually in the European Union. We describe the epidemiology of human cases of zTB caused by Mycobacterium bovis and M. caprae in Spain during 2018-2022. The incidence of M. bovis infection compared with M. tuberculosis infection was higher in patients who were native-born (adjusted odds ratio [aOR) 2.32, 95% CI 1.44-3.82), HIV-negative (aOR 3.39, 95% CI 1.24-14.0), or had extrapulmonary forms of TB (aOR 2.20, 95% CI 1.46-3.28). The spatial pattern differed by M. tuberculosis complex species; we identified 3 significant clusters of M. bovis and 1 of M. caprae in bovine TB-free regions. Our results show the importance of including animal and human data on circulating zoonotic pathogens under the One Health umbrella.
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Registered trials
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