Trial reportBMJ open2025
Randomised waitlist-controlled trial of a 10-week community programme using a plant-based diet in a predominantly Māori population in Tairāwhiti (Gisborne).
Trial report in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesInvestigate the impact of a 10-week whole-food plant-based (WFPB) community programme on weight and type 2 diabetes up to 36 months postintervention.
designRandomised waitlist-controlled trial.
settingCommunity-based General Practice clinic classified as 'Very Low-Cost Access' in Gisborne, the main city of the Tairāwhiti region of New Zealand.
participantsAdults (n
interventionA 10-week programme consisting of 2 hours, two times per week sessions (40 hours total), involving skills-based learning and health education. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary measures were changes in weight, BMI and HbA1c. Secondary measures included changes in cholesterol, waist circumference, exercise levels, plant-based and non-plant-based dietary scores and association with Big Five Inventory personality traits. The primary endpoint was assessed at post-treatment (10 weeks), with follow-up at 6 and 36 months postintervention.
resultsDifferences between the intervention and waitlist control groups at 10 weeks were compared with independent samples t-tests. In intention-to-treat analyses, the intervention group demonstrated significantly greater weight loss of 3.3 kg (95% CI (0.8 to 5.7), p<0.001) and a non-significant trend of 3.2 mmol/mol HbA1c reduction (CI (-0.4 to 6.7), p=0.08). Between-group differences post-treatment were not statistically significant for cholesterol (p=0.69), waist circumference (p=0.16) or activity level (p=0.97). After all participants received the intervention, repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to assess changes over time; significant omnibus effects were followed by paired-sample t-tests comparing baseline with subsequent time points. In this larger intervention group, some significant reductions were observed: weight loss was present post-treatment and sustained at 3 kg at 36-month follow-up (CI (1.2 to 4.7), p<0.001). Waist circumference decreased by 6 cm post-treatment and was sustained. HbA1c dropped by 3.3 mmol/mol and cholesterol by 0.4 mmol/L post-treatment, but decreases were not sustained at follow-up time points (HbA1c results were possibly limited by inadequate data capture). Simple linear regression models found that greater dietary adherence related to better outcomes: increased WFPB food intake and decreased non-WFPB intake corresponded with greater weight loss post-treatment (unstandardised regression coefficients=0.3-0.4,
conclusionsThis 10-week WFPB diet community intervention decreased weight, BMI, HbA1c and cholesterol. The intervention produced a weight loss of 5 kg post-treatment, with 3 kg weight loss sustained at 36 months. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (https://anzctr.org.au); ACTRN12617000541303, date of registration 07/04/2017.
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