Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40561789›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2025

Longitudinal associations between frequency and recency of nonmedical prescription stimulant use in adolescence and cocaine use in young adulthood.

Emily Pasman, Philip T Veliz, Megan E Patrick, Ty S Schepis, Vita V McCabe, Timothy E Wilens, Sean Esteban McCabe

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Emily PasmanCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. Electronic address: pasman@med.umich.edu.
Philip T VelizCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
Megan E PatrickCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
Ty S SchepisCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA.
Vita V McCabeCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
Timothy E WilensCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Sean Esteban McCabeCenter for the Study of Drugs, Alcohol, Smoking, and Health, University of Michigan School of Nursing, 400 N Ingalls St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson St, Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.

Funding

Monitoring the Future: Drug Use & Lifestyles of American Youth (Supp1: Nicotine Pouch and E-cigarette Use Among US Adolescents: National Estimates of Brand Use and Flavor Preferences)R01DA001411 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Richard A Miech · 1985 to 2026
$144.9M
Monitoring the Future: A Cohort-Sequential Panel Study of Drug Use, Ages 19-65 - Diversity Supplement (Solberg)R01DA016575 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI Megan E. Patrick · 2003 to 2026
$44.6M
Optimized Interventions to Prevent Opioid Use Disorder among Adolescents and Young Adults in the Emergency DepartmentUH3DA050173 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI BONAR, ERIN E., WALTON, MAUREEN A · 2020 to 2021
$5.8M
Trajectories of Prescription Nonmedical Drug MisuseR01DA031160 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI SEAN ESTEBAN MCCABE · 2011 to 2026
$3.7M
Does Treating Young Persons Psychopathology Prevent the Onset of Opioid and other Substance Use Disorders?UH3DA050252 · NIDA · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI WILENS, TIMOTHY E, YULE, AMY · 2020 to 2020
$3.0M
Prescription Drug Misuse Characteristics in Adolescents and Young Adults: Influence of School EnrollmentR01DA043691 · NIDA · TEXAS STATE UNIVERSITY · PI TY Stephen SCHEPIS · 2017 to 2026
$1.8M
NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA001411NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA016575NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA031160NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA043691NIDA NIH HHS UH3 DA050173NIDA NIH HHS UH3 DA050252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeMost studies linking prescription and illicit stimulant use measure nonmedical prescription stimulant use (NMPSU) as a dichotomous lifetime indicator. This study examined the extent to which frequency and recency of NMPSU during adolescence were associated with illicit cocaine use in young adulthood.

methodsNationally representative cohorts of US 12th-graders (N = 66,082) were surveyed in the Monitoring the Future Panel study (baseline age 18, years 1976-2020; follow-up ages 19-20, years 1977-2021). Logistic regression was used to examine associations between frequency and recency of NMPSU at baseline and incident cocaine use in young adulthood.

resultsAt follow-up, 4.2 % reported past-year incident cocaine use. The odds of cocaine use increased with more frequent NMPSU in adolescence. Relative to adolescents reporting no lifetime NMPSU, the adjusted odds of incident cocaine use in young adulthood were 1.31 times greater among those reporting experimental NMPSU (1-2 times, 95 % CI=1.11-1.54), 1.63 times greater among those reporting occasional NMPSU (3-9 times, 95 % CI=1.39-1.92), and two times greater among those reporting regular NMPSU (≥10 times, AOR=2.03, 95 % CI=1.73-2.39). A similar trend was observed for recency of NMPSU; relative to adolescents with no lifetime NMPSU, the adjusted odds of incident cocaine use in young adulthood were greater among those reporting past-month NMPSU (AOR=2.11, 95 % CI=1.85-2.42) and past-year-without-past-month NMPSU (AOR=1.70, 95 % CI=1.44-2.01).

conclusionNMPSU in adolescence was associated with increased odds of cocaine use in young adulthood, and the degree of risk varied by frequency and recency of NMPSU.

Indexed as

Central Nervous System StimulantsCocaine-Related DisordersPrescription Drug MisuseAdolescentAdultFemaleHumansLongitudinal StudiesMaleUnited StatesYoung AdultCentral Nervous System StimulantsAdolescentsCocaineEpidemiologyStimulantYoung adults

Identifiers

PMID40561789
PMCPMC12435178

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.