ArticleSchizophrenia research2025
Trial-by-trial ERP-behavior relationships in psychosis: Between- and within-person variability in performance monitoring adjustments.
Article in Schizophrenia research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, characterized by deficits in performance monitoring, predicts clinical and functional outcomes. The error-related negativity (ERN), a neurophysiological index of error detection, is reduced in psychosis, but it is unclear why this impaired error detection is not closely linked to behavioral adjustments. A possibility is that research has overrelied on examining between-person relationships of average ERN and behavior, rather than focusing on within-person, trial-by-trial changes. This study aimed to determine whether neurophysiological indices of error detection (ERN, error positivity [Pe]) predict within-person post-error behavioral adjustments in psychotic disorders and whether these relationships are weaker in people with psychosis than in controls. ERN and Pe were assessed during a flanker task in 72 participants with psychosis (PwP) and 82 healthy comparison participants. Multilevel location-scale models examined trial-by-trial changes in the relationships between event-related potentials (ERPs) and behavior (response [RTs], accuracy). Results showed that ERP-RT relationships were similar across PwP and controls. In both groups, greater within-person increases in ERN predicted longer and more variable RTs following correct trials. Larger within-person increases in Pe predicted shorter and more variable RTs following correct trials, but less variable RTs following error trials. Exploratory analyses in a subset of participants with schizophrenia showed similar effects. ERP-accuracy relationships were neither observed nor moderated by diagnostic group. Within-person ERP-behavior relationships were preserved in psychosis, indicating intact performance monitoring at the individual level. This supports performance monitoring as a transdiagnostic construct and underscores the importance of examining intraindividual variability to understand performance monitoring in psychotic disorders.
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