ArticleDrug safety2025
Sex Differences in Electrolyte Disturbances Among Diuretic Users According to Renal Function and Age.
Article in Drug safety, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mortality Trends Involving Cardiac Arrest and Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Disorders in U.S. Adults, 2004-2024.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Frequency and Profiles of Drug Combinations Constituting the Triple Whammy in Japan: An Analysis of a Patient Estimation Database.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Diagnostic Labeling Patterns of Malnutrition and Undernutrition in Japan: A Nationwide Patient Estimation Database Study.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Observational
- Sex differences in potassium regulation: evidence, molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Factors associated with clinically diagnosed long QT syndrome in Korean adults: a nationwide case-control study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionDiuretics are widely used in Japan for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. Electrolyte disturbance is a common adverse reaction to diuretics and may be life-threatening. Previous studies have shown that diuretic-induced electrolyte disturbance is more common in women. Electrolyte balance is regulated by the kidneys, and renal function tends to decline with advancing age.
objectiveThe aim of this study was to identify patients at high risk of adverse reactions to diuretics, considering the effects of sex, renal function, and age on susceptibility to diuretic-induced electrolyte disturbance.
methodsClaims data for 67,135 patients on diuretics in Japan were sourced from DeSC Healthcare, Inc. The data covered the period from April 2020 to March 2021.
resultsAnalysis of patient numbers using the chi-squared test showed that hyperkalemia was more common in men than in women (326 vs. 271; p = 0.003) and that hypokalemia was more common in women than in men (413 vs. 285; p < 0.001). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for women considering age and renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR]). In elderly patients aged ≥ 75 years, the odds of developing hypokalemia in women compared to men were 1.47 (95% CI 1.13-1.91) for eGFR 60-30 mL/min/1.73 m
conclusionAmong women aged ≥ 75 years, those in lower eGFR groups (60-30 and < 30) had higher odds of hypokalemia compared to men. These data highlight the importance of monitoring for adverse reactions to diuretics, particularly hypokalemia, in elderly women with low eGFR.
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