Impact of the wildland-urban interface on large carnivore damage in the Polish Carpathians.

Dominik Kaim, Carlos Bautista, Michael Leitner, Franz Schug, Nuria Selva, Volker C Radeloff

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Ambio, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Urban Stone Marten (Ecology and evolution · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Dominik KaimInstitute of Geography and Spatial Management, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland. dominik.kaim@uj.edu.pl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8004-6890

Carlos BautistaInstitute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.

Michael LeitnerDepartment of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.

Franz SchugSILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Nuria SelvaInstitute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.

Volker C RadeloffSILVIS Lab, Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1630 Linden Drive, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.

Funding

Narodowe Centrum Nauki UMO-2019/35/D/HS4/00117NASA 80NSSC21K0310NASA 80NSSC24K0303

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large carnivore populations are recovering across Europe, likely influencing human-wildlife interactions in the areas where both human and carnivore activity overlap, like wildland-urban interface (WUI). We analyzed over 3500 cases of damage caused by brown bears, wolves, and lynx in the Polish Carpathians (2010-2017) to identify spatial and temporal hot spots and their determinants. Wolf damage was associated with sheep density and historical WUI, while bear damage correlated with permanent bear occurrence and historical WUI. Contemporary WUI showed a negative relationship with damage occurrences. Incident-level analysis revealed that forest cover was a key factor for both species, while wolf damage was linked to sheep density and bear damage to proximity to buildings (reflecting beehive locations). Our findings emphasize the need to integrate current landscape characteristics with land use legacies to develop proactive, site-specific policies that mitigate carnivore impacts and promote resilient coexistence.

Indexed as

Conservation of Natural ResourcesLynxUrsidaeWolvesAnimalsEcosystemForestsPolandSheepCarnivoresCoadaptationHuman–wildlife interactionsThe CarpathiansWildland–urban interfaceWUI

Identifiers

PMID40560317

DOI10.1007/s13280-025-02201-0

PMCPMC13035969

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.