Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40560256›Full record

SynthesisJournal of epidemiology and global health2025

A Review of Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Cervical Cancer in Myanmar.

Tay Za Kyi Win, Kate Simms, Myint Myint Thinn, Khaing Nwe Tin, Soe Aung, Eleonora Feletto, Deborah Bateson, Karen Canfell

Abstract readSystematic ReviewReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Journal of epidemiology and global health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Tay Za Kyi WinSchool of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia. twin0929@uni.sydney.edu.au.
Kate SimmsSchool of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Myint Myint ThinnDepartment of Gynaecologic Oncology, Central Women Hospital, Yangon, Myanmar.
Khaing Nwe TinMaternal and Reproductive Health Division, Department of Public Health, Nay Pyi Taw, Myanmar.
Soe AungDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar.
Eleonora FelettoThe Daffodil Centre, A Joint Venture between Cancer Council NSW and the University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Deborah BatesonSchool of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Karen CanfellSchool of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMyanmar is estimated to have one of the highest cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates in Asia. There have been limited screening and treatment services for cervical cancer in Myanmar. In this context, to support cervical cancer elimination, understanding the current burden of cervical cancer in the country is crucial. This review aims to synthesize the evidence on the epidemiology of cervical cancer in Myanmar.

methodsWe used the Joanna Briggs Institute approach for systematic review of observational epidemiological studies to conduct a comprehensive review of burden of human papillomavirus (HPV), precancerous cervical lesions, key co-factors and cervical cancer in Myanmar. Embase, Global Health, Medline, and local databases were searched to May 31, 2024.

resultsRegional population-based cancer registries from Nay Pyi Taw and Yangon reported age-standardized incidence rates of cervical cancer of 19.3 (in 2018) and 14.1 (during 2013–2017) per 100 000 females, respectively. Meta-analyses were conducted to estimate HPV prevalence among the general female population (18–65 years) as 4% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 3–5%] in the community-based and 11% [95% CI: (4–21%)] in outpatient clinic screening. Among HIV-positive women, HPV prevalence was reported at 30.1%. The most common HPV types in HPV-positive cervical cancers were HPV 16 (60–85.7%) and HPV 18 (14.8–20%). The prevalence of key co-factors included HIV infection (0.7% in the general female population and 8.3% in female sex workers), tobacco use in females (smoking: 8.4% and smokeless: 24.1%), high parity (4.99 births per married woman) and early aged pregnancy (33 births per 1000 adolescent females).

conclusionsThe cervical cancer incidence rates reported from two regional cancer registries in Myanmar are high relative to those reported in countries across Asia. An estimated one in nine to one in 25 women in Myanmar is infected with HPV, which is broadly concordant with regional estimates. A high prevalence of key co-factors for cervical cancer, combined with limited screening and treatment services, may increase the risk of progression to invasive cancers among HPV infected women. Consequently, Myanmar is likely to bear a substantial burden of cervical cancer.

Indexed as

Human Papillomavirus VirusesPapillomavirus InfectionsUterine Cervical NeoplasmsAdultFemaleHumansIncidenceMyanmarPrevalenceBurden of diseaseCervical cancerHuman papillomavirusMyanmar

Identifiers

PMID40560256
PMCPMC12198088

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.