ArticleJACC. Asia2025
Causal Associations Between Socioeconomic Status, Intelligence, Cognition and Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence From Mendelian Randomization.
Article in JACC. Asia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plasma metabolites and endometrial cancer: elucidating causal associations through Mendelian randomization.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Educational Attainment as a Causal and Modifiable Risk Factor for Atrial Fibrillation.JACC. Asia · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundLower socioeconomic status, intelligence, and cognition are linked to a higher likelihood of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, whether these factors directly cause AF or whether others mediate this relationship is unclear.
objectivesOur study aimed to determine the causal link between lower socioeconomic status, intelligence, cognition, and AF, and identify mediators.
methodsWe conducted a 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis with data from European ancestry genome-wide association studies. Genetic instruments for education, intelligence, cognition, income, and occupation (n = 248,847-1,131,881) evaluated their relationship with AF (FinnGen study: 50,743 cases and 210,652 control subjects; 6 European studies: 60,620 and 970,216).
resultsThe pooled results from meta-analysis combining data from 2 studies indicated that education, intelligence, and cognition were causally associated with AF (P < 0.05). Genetically predicted, each 1-SD increase in educational attainment was associated with a 19% decreased risk of AF (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.71-0.92), independent of intelligence and cognition. Among 44 candidate mediators, 8 factors were identified to mediate the education-AF association, including heart failure (mediation proportion: 95.35%), body fat mass (44.05%), waist circumference (42.93%), coronary heart disease (30.1%), body mass index (29.0%), myocardial infarction (28.8%), diastolic blood pressure (21.7%), and waist-to-hip ratio (14.3%).
conclusionsOur study suggests that education exerts a causal and protective effect against AF, independent of intelligence and cognition. Heart failure, obesity, and ischemic heart disease serve as mediating factors in the pathway from education to AF, underscoring the importance of considering these conditions in preventing AF associated with education inequality.
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