ReviewToxics2025
Occurrence and Toxicity Mechanisms of Perfluorononanoic Acid, Perfluorodecanoic Acid, and Perfluoroundecanoic Acid in Fish: A Review.
Review in Toxics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Article
- Review
- Neurotoxicity Assessment of Perfluoroundecanoic Acid (PFUnDA) in Developing Zebrafish (Toxics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are used in consumer products and manufacturing. Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) are long-chain PFAS composed of 9, 10, and 11 carbons, respectively, which exert sublethal toxicity to aquatic species. Here, we review the data regarding the environmental fate and ecotoxicology of these understudied long-chain PFAS in fish. The objectives of this study were to (1) compile the literature to compare physiological or molecular signaling pathways disrupted by PFNA, PFDA, or PFUnDA; and (2) uncover potential biomarkers and pathways of toxicity of longer-chain PFAS using gene ontology computational approaches to shed light on their mechanism of action. Studies show that PFAS have a range of effects on fish, including developmental issues, changes in gene expression, and behavioral modifications. Based on our review, PFNA has been studied more frequently in fish compared to PFDA and PFUnDA; however, longer-chained PFAS are proposed to pose greater toxicity. Based on the computational approach, prominent pathways affected by PFNA include insulin signaling ["Insulin -> CEBPA/CTNNB/FOXA/FOXO", "Insulin -> STAT Expression Targets"], immune system signaling ["TNF -> STAT Expression Targets", "IL6 Expression Targets", and "IL2 Expression Targets"], and growth hormone/prolactin signaling ["GH1/PRLR Expression Targets", "PRL/GHR -> STAT Expression Targets", "PRL/PRLR Expression Targets"]. Several transcripts related to cholesterol metabolism were also affected by PFNA. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the distribution, fate, and ecotoxicology of PFNA, PFDA, and PFUnDA in teleost fish, highlighting potential physiological and molecular responses that could aid in assessing long-chain PFAS toxicity in future studies.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.