ArticleTropical medicine and infectious disease2025
Assessing the 1918/19 Pandemic Influenza and Respiratory Tuberculosis Interaction in Malta: Operationalizing a Syndemic During a Crisis Event.
Article in Tropical medicine and infectious disease, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pandemic Patterns: The Long-Term Health Outcomes of 1918 Influenza Survivors in the St. John's General Hospital of Newfoundland and Labrador.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2026Article
- An Update on Syndemics: Editorial Comments.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have indicated that there was a disease interaction of pandemic influenza with respiratory tuberculosis (TB) in Malta, which could explain the heightened mortality recorded in young adults. We revisit the 1918/19 influenza and TB syndemic potential on the island of Malta. Borrowing from crisis studies that explore the harvesting effect, we used the method of assessing changes in pre-pandemic, pandemic, fallow, and post-pandemic mortality/life expectancy to reveal the syndemic experience. Pre-pandemic (1914-1917) life expectancy at birth was significantly higher, at 37.91 years, than during the pandemic (1918), when life expectancy dropped to 33.26 years (Z = 10.56,
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