ArticlePathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
The Incidence and Trends of Yellow Fever from 1990 to 2021 in Major Endemic Regions: A Systematic Analysis Based on the 2021 Global Burden of Disease Study.
Article in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Study of the circulation of dengue, yellow fever, and West Nile viruses in Guinea: implications for achieving the health objectives of the Simandou 2040 program.Tropical medicine and health · 2026Article
- Characterization of the first complete genome sequence of yellow fever virus (YFV) in Sierra Leone: Implications for public health.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Impact of diets high in trans-fatty acids on cardiovascular diseases in adults aged 55 and older: insights from the Global Burden of Disease 2021 data.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Yellow fever in children and adolescents amid the South American outbreak, 2024/2025.New microbes and new infections · 2025Article
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11 authors.
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Abstract
As a re-emerging disease, the worldwide burden and trends of yellow fever (YF) remain inadequately quantified. This study aims to assess the incidence of YF both globally and in major endemic regions from 1990 to 2021. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) database, we evaluated the burden of YF. We employed an age-period-cohort model to assess the influence of age, period, and cohort on the incidence of YF from 1992 to 2021. A secondary data analysis based on GBD database showed the following: in 2021, there were 86,509 incident cases of YF. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of incident cases decreased by 74.7%, while the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) declined at an EAPC of -4.76% (95% confidence interval: -5.10 to -4.42). In 2021, the highest ASIRs of YF were observed in Western Sub-Saharan Africa, Central Sub-Saharan Africa, and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa. The analysis of age effects indicates that children aged 5-10 years old exhibit the highest incidence rate. Both period and cohort effects demonstrated a decline in morbidity risk. The decomposition analysis identified epidemiological changes as the primary factor contributing to the global reduction in the YF burden. Despite considerable reduction in incidence, YF remains a significant public health threat in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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