ReviewPathogens (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Influenza-Related Encephalopathy in Children: Epidemiology and Literature Review from a Tertiary Hospital in Northern Italy (Winter 2023-2024).
Review in Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Influenza Associated Encephalopathy, Encephalitis, and Acute Necrotizing Encephalitis in Adults: A Scoping Review of 83 Cases.Neurology international · 2026Review
- Early laboratory-based differentiation of severe influenza pneumonia and influenza-associated encephalopathy in children using a multi-model, stability-aware machine-learning workflow: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A Retrospective Epidemiological Study of Mortality in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Trends, Causes, and Risk Factors (2014-2023).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics Associated with Mortality in Children with Critically Ill Influenza B in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.Infection and drug resistance · 2026Article
- Distinct Clinical Phenotypes of Severe Pediatric Influenza in the Post-COVID-19 Era: Insights from a Multicenter PICU Study in Türkiye.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionWhile influenza-associated encephalopathy (IAE) in children remains a serious concern, recent evidence suggests a shift in its epidemiology, with a possible decline in incidence and severity over time.
methodsThis retrospective review includes patients aged 0-18 admitted to a tertiary hospital in Northern Italy between November 2023 and February 2025. Inclusion criteria were a positive influenza test, influenza-like symptoms, and neurological involvement. Findings are interpreted alongside current literature.
resultsTwenty-five unvaccinated children met criteria for IAE (11 in 2023/24; 14 in 2024/25). Neurological comorbidities were present in 40%. All patients had pathological EEGs. Lumbar puncture was performed in 40%, with abnormalities in 33%. Brain imaging was conducted in 56% of cases, revealing findings in 15%. All received oseltamivir; 60% were also treated with dexamethasone. Severe complications occurred in 16%, while 12% had persistent symptoms or required therapy at discharge. After adjusting for seasonal peak timing, no significant inter-seasonal difference was observed. DISCUSSION: Although IAE continues to present serious risks, recent trends suggest a changing burden. The lack of vaccination among cases underscores the need for prevention. Study limitations include its single-center design and the absence of long-term follow-up. Broader prospective studies are needed.
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