Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40559413›Full record

ReviewMetabolites2025

Salivaomics: New Frontiers in Studying the Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer's Disease.

Giuseppina Malcangi, Grazia Marinelli, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Irma Trilli, Laura Ferrante, Lucia Casamassima, Paola Nardelli, Francesco Inchingolo, Andrea Palermo, Angelo Michele Inchingolo and 1 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Metabolites, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Giuseppina MalcangiDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9745-7506
Grazia MarinelliDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9163-2350
Alessio Danilo InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6366-1039
Irma TrilliDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-2882-025X
Laura FerranteDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0007-1494-3519
Lucia CasamassimaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0009-6923-2102
Paola NardelliDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0009-0001-9009-3575
Francesco InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3797-5883
Andrea PalermoDepartement of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Angelo Michele InchingoloDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0104-6337
Gianna DipalmaDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", 70121 Bari, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis study explores the link between oral biofluids, microbial dysbiosis, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as non-invasive diagnostic sources. AD onset and progression appear to be influenced not only by genetic and environmental factors but also by changes in the oral microbiome and related inflammatory and metabolic alterations. As global populations age, the incidence of AD is projected to rise significantly. Emerging evidence implicates the oral microbiome and salivary metabolites in neurodegenerative pathways, suggesting that oral health may mirror or influence brain pathology. MATERIALS AND

methodsA systematic review of recent multi-omics studies was performed, focusing on salivary and GCF analysis in patients with AD, those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and cognitively healthy individuals. Databases searched included PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, following PRISMA guidelines.

resultsAcross the 11 included studies, significant alterations were reported in both the salivary microbiome and metabolome in AD patients. Notable microbial shifts involved increased abundance of Veillonella parvula and Porphyromonas gingivalis, while key metabolites such as L-tyrosine, galactinol, and mannitol were consistently dysregulated. These biomarkers correlated with cognitive performance and systemic inflammation.

conclusionsOral biofluids represent promising, accessible sources of biomarkers for early AD detection. Multi-omics integration reveals the oral-brain axis as a potential target for diagnosis, monitoring, and therapeutic strategies.

Indexed as

Alzheimer’s diseasemetabolomeoral microbiomaperiodontal diseasesaliva

Identifiers

PMID40559413
PMCPMC12195213

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.