ArticleInfectious disease reports2025
Vasculonecrotic Reaction Caused by Mycobacterium Lepromatosis Infection-A Case Report of an HIV/Leprosy-Coinfected Patient.
Article in Infectious disease reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundVasculonecrotic reactions in leprosy are typically associated with type 2 reactions. Differentiating between necrotizing erythema nodosum leprosum (nENL) and Lucio's phenomenon (LP) can be difficult, as overlapping clinical and histopathological features have been reported.
methodsWe report a case of a vasculonecrotic leprosy reaction due to
resultsThe patient presented with a two-month history of papules and nodules that progressed to painful necrotic ulcers, accompanied by systemic symptoms. Clinically, the presentation was consistent with nENL; however, histopathological analysis supported a diagnosis of LP. The patient rapidly deteriorated, developing septic shock and dying shortly thereafter. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a leprosy-associated vasculonecrotic reaction caused by
conclusionsVasculonecrotic reactions in leprosy are life-threatening emergencies due to their potential for rapid clinical deterioration and sepsis. In individuals with advanced HIV infection, recognition of these reactions may be challenging, as they can mimic other opportunistic infections, including fungal diseases, malignant syphilis, and disseminated mycobacterial infections. Early identification and prompt treatment are critical to improving outcomes.
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