The Thoracic Anatomy of Two Flightless

Sipei Liu, Xiaokun Liu, Xieshuang Wang, Wenjie Li, Xin Liu, Siqin Ge

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Insects, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sipei LiuState Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4519-2440

Xiaokun LiuState Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Xieshuang WangState Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

Wenjie LiState Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0009-0001-5667-1028

Xin LiuDepartment of Medical Research, The Ninth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100101, China.

Siqin GeState Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5924-3400

Funding

Institute of Zoology 2023IOZ0104National Natural Science Foundation of China 32270460State Key Laboratory of Animal Biodiversity Conservation and Integrated Pest Management SKLA2502

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Flight loss has independently evolved across nearly all winged insect orders. Comparing the thoracic structures of flightless insects with those of their flight-capable relatives can reveal key characteristics linked with flight. Although flight loss has been widely studied in beetles, exploration of this phenomenon has been limited to taxonomic and geographic distribution studies in the species-rich family Chrysomelidae, with little analysis of thoracic anatomical structures. This study employs a suite of morphological techniques to examine the thoracic structures of two flightless beetle species

Indexed as

3D reconstructionChrysolinaflightlessnesslight microscopySEMthoracic morphology

Identifiers

PMID40559048

DOI10.3390/insects16060618

PMCPMC12194105

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.