ArticleGels (Basel, Switzerland)2025
A Self-Adhesive Ginsenoside Rk3/Metformin-Loaded Hydrogel Microneedle for Management of Systemic Sclerosis.
Article in Gels (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Multi-omics elucidation of recombinant collagen-mediated modulation of mesenchymal stem cell functions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microcirculation damage, dermal thickening, and difficulty in the spatiotemporal coordination of key platelet factor 4 (CXCL4) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) contribute to the lack of effective treatments for systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc). To address these challenges, we proposed a novel synergistic drug combination of ginsenoside Rk3 (CXCL4 regulator) and metformin (Met, TGF-β regulator) based on molecular docking and developed an ultra-long release, dual-target regulation hydrogel microneedle system (Rk3/Met URS MN). The rapidly dissolving tips of this hydrogel microneedle consisted of polyvinyl alcohol and polyvinylpyrrolidone, and were loaded with polydopamine-coated, coordination-induced self-assembled Rk3/Met nanomedicines. These micro-tips could spatiotemporally synchronize transdermal delivery of the hydrophobic Rk3 and hydrophilic Met, providing ultra-long release for up to 10 days with a single administration. The recombinant collagen CF-1552/oxidized pullulan-based (CAOP) hydrogel backing exhibited skin self-adhesiveness and excellent mechanical properties and could perform localized moisture retention and free radical scavenging at the lesion site. In vitro and in vivo efficacy studies, along with bioinformatics analysis of RNA sequencing, demonstrated that the Rk3/Met URS MN achieved immune modulation, anti-inflammatory effects, angiogenesis promotion, and antifibrosis in SSc through synergistic CXCL4/TGF-β dual-target regulation. Notably, on the 10th day, the dermal thickness decreased from 248.97 ± 21.3 μm to 152.7 ± 18.1 μm, with no significant difference from the normal group, indicating its significant potential in clinical applications in SSc.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.