ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2025
Numerical Analysis of Load Reduction in the Gliding Process Achieved by the Bionic Swan's Webbed-Foot Structures.
Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Webbed-foot gliding water entry is a characteristic water-landing strategy employed by swans and other large waterfowls, demonstrating exceptional low-impact loading and remarkable motion stability. These distinctive biomechanical features offer significant potential for informing the design of cross-medium vehicles' (CMVs') water-entry systems. To analyze the hydrodynamic mechanisms and flow characteristics during swan webbed-foot gliding entry, the three-dimensional bionic webbed-foot water-entry process was investigated through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method coupled with global motion mesh (GMM) technology, with a particular emphasis on elucidating the regulatory effects of entry parameters on dynamic performance. The results demonstrated that the gliding water-entry process can be divided into two distinct phases: stable skipping and surface gliding. During the stable skipping phase, the motion trajectory exhibits quasi-sinusoidal periodic fluctuations, accompanied by multiple water-impact events and significant load variations. In the surface-gliding phase, the kinetic energy of the bionic webbed foot progressively decreases while maintaining relatively stable load characteristics. Increasing the water-entry velocity will enhance impact loads while simultaneously increasing the skipping frequency and distance. Increasing the water-entry angle will primarily intensify the impact load magnitude while slightly reducing the skipping frequency and distance. An optimal pitch angle of 20° provides maximum glide-skip stability for the bio-inspired webbed foot, with angles exceeding 25° or below 15° leading to motion instability. This study on webbed-foot gliding entry behavior provided insights for developing novel bio-inspired entry strategies for cross-medium vehicles, while simultaneously advancing the optimization of impact-mitigation designs in gliding water-entry systems.
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