Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40558332›Full record

ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

A Piezoelectric Sensor Based on MWCNT-Enhanced Polyvinyl Chloride Gel for Contact Perception of Grippers.

Qiyun Zhong, Qingsong He, Diyi Liu, Xinyu Lu, Siyuan Liu, Yuze Ye, Yefu Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Qiyun ZhongJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2179-0884
Qingsong HeJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2769-9312
Diyi LiuJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Xinyu LuJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Siyuan LiuJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Yuze YeJiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Bionic Materials and Equipment, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China.
Yefu WangThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation Grant No. 52375293
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In contrast to traditional hydrogels, which are susceptible to water evaporation and structural degradation, non-hydrogel materials are engineered for superior stability and consistent performance. Here, we report an innovative piezoelectric polyvinyl chloride/multi-walled carbon nanotube polymer gel (PVC/MWCNT polymer gel, PMPG) with exceptional linearity (as low as 1.31%), high sensitivity (50-310.17 mV), rapid response (172-189 ms), and thermal stability. Under strain induction, ordered rearrangement of dipoles in PMPG and the enhancement of MWCNTs generate a potential difference. Increasing MWCNT content enhances output voltage, sensitivity, conductivity, maximum stress, Young's modulus, and toughness, while reducing nonlinear error. Higher dibutyl adipate (DBA) content increases output voltage and slightly improves sensitivity but decreases mechanical strength. The optimal PMPG (PVC:DBA = 1:5, 1 wt% MWCNTs) exhibited outstanding performance. It exhibits a nonlinear error as low as 1.31%, a conductivity of 25.4 μS/cm, an 80% compressive strain tolerance (273 kPa stress), and dimensional stability for 90 days in air. By integrating PMPG with machine learning algorithms, soft robotic grippers gain advanced contact perception capabilities, enabling applications in medicine, rescue, exploration, and other fields requiring fine manipulation and adaptability. This work highlights PMPG's potential as a stable, high-performance material for soft robotics and beyond.

Indexed as

contact perceptionKNNMWCNT-enhancedpiezoelectric sensorpolyvinyl chloride gel

Identifiers

PMID40558332
PMCPMC12190710

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.