Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40558329›Full record

ArticleBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Polymorphism in Glu-Phe-Asp Proteinoids.

Panagiotis Mougkogiannis, Andrew Adamatzky

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Proteinoid Computing on Olivine Substrates.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2026
    Article
  2. Fast and Slow Signal Propagation in Abiotic Polypeptide Assemblies.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Article
  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Panagiotis MougkogiannisUnconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1710-4917
Andrew AdamatzkyUnconventional Computing Laboratory, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-1073-2662

Funding

EPSRC EP/W010887
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glu-Phe-Asp (GFD) proteinoids represent a class of synthetic polypeptides capable of self-assembling into microspheres, fibres, or combinations thereof, with morphology dramatically influencing their electrical properties. Extended recordings and detailed waveforms demonstrate that microspheres generate rapid, nerve-like spikes, while fibres exhibit consistent and gradual variations in voltage. Mixed networks integrate multiple components to achieve a balanced output. Electrochemical measurements show clear differences. Microspheres have a low capacitance of 1.926±5.735μF. They show high impedance at 6646.282±178.664 Ohm. Their resistance is low, measuring 15,830.739 ± 652.514 mΩ. This structure allows for quick ionic transport, leading to spiking behaviour. Fibres show high capacitance (9.912±0.171μF) and low impedance (209.400±0.286 Ohm). They also have high resistance (163,067.613 ± 9253.064 mΩ). This combination helps with charge storage and slow potential changes. The 50:50 mixture shows middle values for all parameters. This confirms that hybrid electrical properties have emerged. The differences come from basic structural changes. Microspheres trap ions in small, round spaces. This allows for quick release. In contrast, fibers spread ions along their length. This leads to slower wave propagation. In mixed systems, diverse voltage zones emerge, suggesting cooperative dynamics between morphologies. This electrical polymorphism in simple proteinoid systems may explain complexity in biological systems. This study shows that structural polymorphism in GFD proteinoids affects their electrical properties. This finding is significant for biomimetic computing and sheds light on prebiotic information-processing systems.

Indexed as

microspheresproteinoidsthermal proteinsunconventional computing

Identifiers

PMID40558329
PMCPMC12190980

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.